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Astrofotografi => CCD astrofografi - teknik dan tips => Topic started by: Kayzack on January 06, 2008, 09:10:33 AM



Title: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: Kayzack on January 06, 2008, 09:10:33 AM
Salam,

Saya nak mulakan discussion on New topic untuk CCD Imaging and Image Processing since saya ada sedikit pengalaman berkaitan dengan topik ini.  Kalau ada sesiapa yang berminat untuk membicarakan sebarang isu berkaitan bolehlah kemukakan dalam forum ini untuk kita kongsi bersama.  Saya pun masih lagi belajar untuk menghasilkan imej2 astronomi yang baik.  Mudah-mudahan astronomical image yg kita hasilkan di Malaysia akan kalau tidak lebih baik dari orang lain sekurang-kurangnya setanding dengan mereka.

Apa yang saya perhatikan gambar2 yang dikirimkan dalam falak online agak baik (sebagai contoh imej CCD dari Dr Rowi dan group) cuma ada beberapa kelemahan ketara iaitu dari segi kalibrasi imej dan pemprosesan imej.

Saya akan cuba dapatkan artikel atau tips yang mudah untuk melakukan pengimejan CCD, kalibrasi imej dan pemprosesan imej, itupun kalau ada respon dari ahli2 falak online yang lain.





Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: shahgazer on January 06, 2008, 09:38:25 AM
Bro Kayzack,

Saya sokong usaha yang dijalankan ini. Mudah-mudahan ahli-ahli lain ambil manfaat dan jadikan ruangan ini sebagai medan perkongsian dan menyuburkan ilmu.

Agak-agak berapa ramai yang ada CCD kamera untuk buat imaging? Saya sendiri tak pernah guna pasal tak ada...  :|

BTW, ada ambil gambar komet Tuttle tak dari Langkawi? Sini cuaca belah malam tak ok...


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: Kayzack on January 06, 2008, 11:32:19 AM
Cuaca kat langkawi pun serupa gak....masih diselaputi awan tebal, kalau ikut trend tahun2 lepas, sepatutnya cuaca dah mula clear sekarang ni tapi tidak untuk tahun ni.

Thank2 atas sokongan yg diberikan...mungkin bila ada yg respon berkenaan CCD imaging nanti kita akan tahu berapa ramai sebenarnya yang ada CCD....tak semestinya SBIG je...yg lain2 brand pun no hal....prinsipnya sama je.


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: botok on January 06, 2008, 12:12:49 PM
Tak ramai rasanya yang ada dedicated CCD imaging device kat Msia melainkan professional body atau hardcore amatuer. Satu faktor adalah harga. Macam SBIG is way beyond my financial reach  :-(
Tapi DSLR pun boleh dikira CCD device jugak kan, pasal guna CCD chip (walaupun canon punya DSLR guna CMOS) malahan webcam pun sekarang banyak yg guna CCD chip.

ps: Kayzack dari balai cerap Langkawi ker? Dibuka untuk public tak?


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: Kayzack on January 06, 2008, 05:35:20 PM
Observatori Negara Langkawi dibuka kepada public setiap hari by request.  Semua rakyat malaysia dialu-alukan untuk datang menggunakan kemudahan yang terdapat disini termasuk bilik penginapan.  Semuanya secara percuma (buat masa ini), akan datang tak tahu lagi. Kalau berminat utk datang ke sini, sila kemukakan permohonan...borang permohonan ada dalam laman web berikut:
http://observatory2.angkasa.gov.my/

dibawah menu download.  Kalau ada kemusykilan boleh email saya di kz@angkasa.gov.my.


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: mymoon on January 06, 2008, 06:40:22 PM
Observatori Negara Langkawi dibuka kepada public setiap hari by request.  Semua rakyat malaysia dialu-alukan untuk datang menggunakan kemudahan yang terdapat disini termasuk bilik penginapan.  Semuanya secara percuma (buat masa ini), akan datang tak tahu lagi. Kalau berminat utk datang ke sini, sila kemukakan permohonan...borang permohonan ada dalam laman web berikut:
http://observatory2.angkasa.gov.my/

dibawah menu download.  Kalau ada kemusykilan boleh email saya di kz@angkasa.gov.my.

aheemm..(OT)

kalau boleh matching dgn promosi airasia dari RM 9.99 up to say RM30 apa kata shan n botok kita pi jumpa saudara Kayzack dan bermalam disana. Saudara Kayzack boleh tak dan berapa orgn sekali boleh muat...weekend boleh tak atau hari2 kerja saje.

Kalau boleh kita akan mohon la.

cheers



Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: Kayzack on January 07, 2008, 09:06:04 AM
Bilik penginapan ada 2 buah, satu bilik ada 2 katil bujang...maknanya boleh muat 4 orang pada satu2 masa.  Boleh datang pada bila2 masa tak kira weekend atau pun tidak.  Cuma ada prosedur yg terpaksa diikuti sebelum kelulusan diberikan antaranya pemohon dikehendaki buat sedikit kertas proposal apa projek pencerapan yang akan dibuat.  Boleh rujuk borang permohonan untuk butiran yg kami perlukan dan kalau tak faham boleh tanya saya.


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: Kayzack on January 07, 2008, 09:09:11 AM
CALIBRATION OF CCD IMAGES

Calibration (or PRE-PROCESSING) of an astronomical CCD deep-sky image consists of removing the bias and thermal contribution (DARK FRAME) and dividing the resultant image by the FLAT-FIELD in order to standardize the response of each image pixel.

Calibrated = (Raw - Bias - Thermal) / Flat = (Raw - Dark) / Flat

The DARK frame should be removed firstly from the RAW image then the result should be divided by the FLAT-FIELD.

DARK FRAME

A dark frame is an integration in which no light strikes the CCD. It records the BIAS noise and THERMAL noise for a specific CCD temperature and integration time:

DARK FRAME = BIAS FRAME + THERMAL FRAME

To take a dark frame you can simply cap your telescope and integrate using the same time that you are using for acquiring the raw image. If you are not able to control the chip temperature (+/- 0.1 °C), dark frames should be taken immediately before or after taking a raw image.

For better results shoot lots of dark frames and MEDIAN SUM them.

BIAS FRAME

The bias frame is an image made with an integration of zero seconds and shutter closed. It contains the amplifier zero-point offset, the random readout noise from the amplifier and the noise from camera electronics.

CCD cameras made for scientific imaging usually include the ability to read out a bias frame but for the simple purpose of subtracting THERMAL FRAME and BIAS, a DARK FRAME serves equally well (DARK FRAME = BIAS + THERMAL FRAME). The examination of a bias frame tells you if your camera is working properly: if you see wavy lines or patterns, your camera may not be functioning well.

FLAT-FIELD

The FLAT-FIELD frame is a photosite-by-photosite map of a CCD's sensitivity to light. It is an image of a uniform object such as twilight sky or a sheet of opal glass attached to the inside of the observatory dome. Chip sensitivity, vignetting and dust all appear as variations in the sensitivity of the CCD itself: division by FLAT-FIELD will remove these defects.

When you make a raw FLAT-FIELD, then you must subtract the THERMAL and the BIAS frame from it (or the DARK). For the lowest possible noise, MEDIAN SUM more then one FLAT-FIELD to obtain a Master Flat-Field.



Three different methods of calibration can be used:

Basic calibration - requires a master dark with the same integration time as the raw image;
Standard calibration – requires a master dark that has the same integration time as the raw image and a master flat;
Advanced calibration – requires a master flat, a master dark (same or longer integration time) and a master bias.
Basic calibration is adequate for simple observing tasks. Standard calibration corrects for vignetting and CCD nonuniformity, but constrains you to the same integration timr for your images and darks. Advanced calibration gives you the freedom to use different integration times for your images and provides superior dark subtraction via dark-frame matching.



Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: universe24 on January 07, 2008, 09:26:12 AM
Tak ramai rasanya yang ada dedicated CCD imaging device kat Msia melainkan professional body atau hardcore amatuer. Satu faktor adalah harga. Macam SBIG is way beyond my financial reach  :-(
Tapi DSLR pun boleh dikira CCD device jugak kan, pasal guna CCD chip (walaupun canon punya DSLR guna CMOS) malahan webcam pun sekarang banyak yg guna CCD chip.

When we taking about CCD imaging device or digital imaging device, that is includes all digital camera which using CCD/CMOS as light senser.

When we talk about astronomical CCD camera, in Malaysia, maybe only those professional body, astronomical society or hardcore amatuer (got many budget one) can afford it.

Luckily, we still can found some company produces low cost astronomical CCD camera at reasonable price. But that reasonable price seems still high for us also. :-P


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: Kayzack on January 07, 2008, 03:31:23 PM
Oleh kerana CCD camera mahal Sebab tu lah  Balaicerap Negara ditubuhkan supaya mereka yang berminat untuk melakukan CCD imaging tetapi tidak berkemampuan untuk membelinya dapat menggunakannya.  Oleh yg demikian bersegeralah memohon untuk menggunakan balaicerap negara langkawi sambil2 bersantai.


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: nsyahron on January 07, 2008, 04:00:39 PM
Luckily, we still can found some company produces low cost astronomical CCD camera at reasonable price. But that reasonable price seems still high for us also. :-P

Mungkin peralatan yang sesuai dan mampu dimiliki utk belajar CCD imaging ialah dengan SC1 or SC1.5 modified webcam.  Beberapa company di UK ada melakukan long exposure modification ni (http://tinyurl.com/3bfd8h).  SC1.5 modified Philips SPC900NC costs around £160.

Ada sesapa yg dah bercadang nak mencerap dan imaging di Langkawi?? :-)


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: botok on January 07, 2008, 04:39:06 PM
Philips SPC900NC, adik beradik Toucam Pro memang menarik. Dekat Msia boleh dapat dalam harga RM290.00

Cadangan Abg Aziz dan nsyahron tu menarik juga, kalau kita ramai2 sesiapa yang berminat melawat Balai Cerap Kebangsaan Langkawi tu. Saya pernah lalu sahaja tapi tak naik atas bukit tu. :) Saya di Alor Star memang dah dekat, tapi bab masa pulak yang menjadi halangan, maklumlah 2 alam :P


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: kamayok3 on January 07, 2008, 08:22:36 PM
Oleh kerana CCD camera mahal Sebab tu lah  Balaicerap Negara ditubuhkan supaya mereka yang berminat untuk melakukan CCD imaging tetapi tidak berkemampuan untuk membelinya dapat menggunakannya.  Oleh yg demikian bersegeralah memohon untuk menggunakan balaicerap negara langkawi sambil2 bersantai.

Idea yang agak bagus.

Tommy


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: mymoon on January 08, 2008, 07:59:48 PM
Kayzack: Kalau terus pi kesana untuk terus buat imaging saya rasa saperti perpatah melayu saperti rusa masuk kampung la. Taada ke  online tutorial  untuk panduan. :wink:

I am interested in the on-site mode. That will give us the reason to bersantai in Langkawi :-D

Although the scopes operation is almost fully automatic and presumably idiot proof but   the first  time you use the system I am sure I need help to get  through the few settings that I might need to be familiar with.
Would the telescope be polar aligned. Is the guide star set by you for say if I type in M42 to target M42.  Do I have make my own dark files, flats and bias frames and how many do I have to take to optimise for your set up.

How about dew. How about clouds. How about exposures and ISO guides. How about focussing; do you take care of it  . Do I have to take a few trial shots. How do I take away the files after imaging. Do I bring a portable H/D or CDR.

So many I am sure FAQ's.

cheers





Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: aidad00 on January 09, 2008, 11:33:45 PM
 8-) 8-) 8-)....wah best betul if you boleh dapat daftar untuk menjadi member for the LNO.
Bro Kayzack.....macam mana nak dapatkan Password and UserID for the Bisque...???
Btw kalau you register how much is the fee you have too pay, and will you be charge for the usage base on hourly??? :roll: :roll: :roll: cuma nak tahu je bro kalau boleh best jugak nie.... :-) :-).



Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: Kayzack on January 10, 2008, 11:29:02 PM
Bagi mereka yang pertama kali menggunakan sistem teleskop di Langkawi National Observatory (LNO), prosedurnya...pada malam pertama saya kena mencerap bersama-sama, utk beri guideline dan panduan bagaimana nak mengoperasi sistem....kalau saya dah puashati, for the next day biasanya saya akan monitor dari rumah je...kalau ada apa2 problem just call saya anytime.  Jadi member semua tak perlu risau kalau tak tahu nak operate sistem kat sini...yang penting datang dulu, kita boleh discuss apa2 hal berkaitan kemudian.  Sila lihat instuments apa yang ada kat sini...boleh pilih nak guna yang mana, kalau tak tahu nak guna saya boleh tunjukkan setakat yg saya tahu.  Kalau nak bawa instruments sendiri pun tak de masalah cuma kena make sure dulu yang semua adapter yg berkaitan utk attach ke teleskop kat sini kena bawa sekali.

Tiada sebarang bayaran dikenakan setakat ini...kalau tarikh yang dipilih tidak clash dengan mana2 observer lain, you boleh guna teleskop sepanjang malam dan siang juga (solar telescope) kalau berminat.


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: moff tarkin on January 11, 2008, 05:10:38 PM
nak tanye sikit.....
ape solar telescope ni? tengok matahari ke?


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: Kayzack on January 12, 2008, 03:12:58 AM
Solar telescope adalah telescope yang digunakan untuk mencerap matahari.  Ada 3 jenis filter kat LNO iaitu h-alpha, contiuum dan kalsium k-line. Sila lawat laman web berikut utk maklumat lanjut tentang instruments yg kita ada..
http://solar2u.angkasa.gov.my/


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: moff tarkin on January 12, 2008, 05:11:07 PM
ooo.... thanks kayzack. seronok gak kalau boleh try skali. hehehe... :-D
mymoon, kalau jd nak g, inform la. sy leh join kalau kene hari dan masanye.

sy ade gak saudara kat langkawi, tp tak rapat sgt. kalau tak silap, dia tinggal kat flat paling dekat dgn patung burung helang besar tu. kalau sy dpt join, boleh la lawat diorang (rapatkan silaturahim  :wink:)

p/s: abg kayzack, jauh ke balai cerap dgn patung helang tu...


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: Kayzack on January 13, 2008, 12:16:28 PM
tak lah jauh sangat...dlm 15 km je.


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: aidad00 on January 13, 2008, 02:50:11 PM
Bro Kayzack,

ada tak resort yang paling terdekat dengan Balai Cerap itu?
paling sesuai untuk melawat ataupun membuat cerapan pada bulan apa?
berapa banyak member boleh membuat cerapan pada setiap session?
maaf ya bro Kayzack terlalu banyak soalan yang di tujukan kepada saudara.... :oops: :oops:
itu pun kalau bro tak keberatan.....inilah masanya untuk kita melihat keindahan alam yang sangat mengkagumkan dengan teknologi yang canggih itu... :-) :-).

Clear skies.


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: nsyahron on January 14, 2008, 06:00:55 AM
Mungkin kena bukak topic baru spesifik untuk Langkawi observatory, tapi saya nak menyampuk jugak:  Bro Kayzack, peralatan (telescope, mount, camera etc) di sana boleh dicontrol secara jarak jauh (remote) tak...e.g. melalui internet?  Langkawi mmg best tapi 3D2N tak cukup rasanya masa walaupun imaging satu object.


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: Kayzack on January 14, 2008, 01:23:46 PM
Tok Senik Resort paling dekat dengan LNO ~1km je. Sistem teleskop LNO boleh diaccess melalui internet khusus untuk CCD Imaging sahaja. Tapi mcm biasa kena apply dulu untuk allocation time.  Bulan paling bagus utk cerapan Late Dis-Early April.  Kalau buat on-site observation paling ramai 4 orang utk satu sesi.


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: aidad00 on January 16, 2008, 10:48:35 AM
wah bestnya...... 8-) 8-)macam mana caranya kalau kita nak apply for the allocation time???
so that kita boleh access melalui internet...taklah perlu kita nak kena gigit nyamuk,cuaca sejuk dll.. :-D
adakah kita perlu membayar untuk mendapatkan UserID and Password so that kita boleh access thru our home computer?

Clear skies.... :mrgreen: :mrgreen:


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: Kayzack on January 16, 2008, 02:53:58 PM
Borang permohonan boleh diperolehi dari add berikut:

http://observatory2.angkasa.gov.my/

di bawah menu download.

Semua permohonan akan disemak oleh pihak JK Penggunaan Teleskop LNO dan akan memberikan keputusan samada diluluskan atau tidak.  Setakat ni tak perlu bayar walau berapa lama dan berapa kerap nak guna.


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: MUZZAMIR on January 17, 2008, 02:16:26 PM
November dulu saya metting dgn MTPL di kulala lumpur..
Tiba-tiba pegawai tu buka cerita tentang pelancaran balai cerap langkawi..
saya terus cerita tentang aktiviti astronomi yang pernah saya buat..
saya telah pun kemukakan cadangan untuk membuat aktiviti semasa pelancaran balai
cerap tu.

Antara cadangan yang saya ajukan kat mereka nak bawak rombongan ASTRONOMER
ke langkawi..

Pihak MTPL berminat tapi sampai sekarang tak ada jawapan..  :?

-muzzamir-


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: kamayok3 on January 17, 2008, 07:59:37 PM
November dulu saya metting dgn MTPL di kulala lumpur..
Tiba-tiba pegawai tu buka cerita tentang pelancaran balai cerap langkawi..
saya terus cerita tentang aktiviti astronomi yang pernah saya buat..
saya telah pun kemukakan cadangan untuk membuat aktiviti semasa pelancaran balai
cerap tu.

Antara cadangan yang saya ajukan kat mereka nak bawak rombongan ASTRONOMER
ke langkawi..

Pihak MTPL berminat tapi sampai sekarang tak ada jawapan..  :?

-muzzamir-


Cadangan yang baik.......

Tommy



Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: mymoon on January 17, 2008, 09:43:55 PM
macam OPEN DAY di LNO.  :-D

Saudara Kayzack boleh  bincang dgn pengurusan dulu atau pun kena kami tulis surat rasmi kepada LNO.

cheers


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: Kayzack on January 24, 2008, 12:13:30 PM
Please find out my New Images (M42_LLRGB-the latest one) di laman web berikut:

http://observatory2.angkasa.gov.my/langkawibrowserastronomy/igallery/igallery.asp?d=\new+images\



Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: kamayok3 on January 24, 2008, 12:22:44 PM
Please find out my New Images (M42_LLRGB-the latest one) di laman web berikut:

http://observatory2.angkasa.gov.my/langkawibrowserastronomy/igallery/igallery.asp?d=\new+images\



Nice core. But..............hmmmmmmm

Regards,

Tommy


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: Kayzack on January 24, 2008, 02:58:33 PM
But....what Tommy?  I'm still learning how to imaging and processing, some images very worst and i'll improve it from time to time when ever the sky clear.  Please help me to improve it.


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: kamayok3 on January 24, 2008, 05:05:31 PM
But....what Tommy?  I'm still learning how to imaging and processing, some images very worst and i'll improve it from time to time when ever the sky clear.  Please help me to improve it.

you got the best equipment to learn from already. Sometimes through MaximDL and all the software is not enough yet. Just you need more advanced techniques on photoshop or other softwares. :)

My 5 cents tips only.

Regards.

Tommy


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: Kayzack on January 24, 2008, 05:19:23 PM
Thanks Tommy for your 5 cents tips.  Please take it to your account.

I'm mainly using Maxim for combining images and photoshop for final touch up already and i'll explore more and more on this two softwares. 

For now i'm learning how to get the best raw images....many factors involved...bad seeing, telescope tracking, guiding, focusing, etc.  I need somebody to discuss more on that, imaging and processing technic.  Maybe u are the right person to talk on that.


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: nsyahron on January 24, 2008, 05:31:06 PM
Bro Kayzack,
Very nice image of M42.  One that is expected from a professional observatory.


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: kamayok3 on January 24, 2008, 07:11:54 PM
Thanks Tommy for your 5 cents tips.  Please take it to your account.

I'm mainly using Maxim for combining images and photoshop for final touch up already and i'll explore more and more on this two softwares. 

For now i'm learning how to get the best raw images....many factors involved...bad seeing, telescope tracking, guiding, focusing, etc.  I need somebody to discuss more on that, imaging and processing technic.  Maybe u are the right person to talk on that.


I will show you a photo of M42 same angle like yours, taken by one of my amateur astrophotographer friend in singapore. You can use his photo as a reference.

Will PM you the link of the photo. Then I will talk more about this astrophoto with you later. For an example, equipment he used....and so on.

Regards,

Tommy


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: aidad00 on January 25, 2008, 12:40:38 AM
hi bro,

Nice want I like the trapezium...... 8-) 8-).
I think if you can do it with widerfield I think much more better.
Try to capture it with the Running man instead so you can see the
whole structure.. :-) :-)


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: Kayzack on January 25, 2008, 03:13:35 AM
Check out uncompleted New M42 (with trapezium) using TMB152...taken last nigt.

http://observatory2.angkasa.gov.my/langkawibrowserastronomy/igallery/igallery.asp?d=\new+images\

Fail name: New_M42_TMB_uncompleted.png


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: universe24 on January 25, 2008, 11:39:15 AM
Hi Kayzack,

Those are nice images. :-o

Have you do image calibration for all image? Are you take each channel only a single shot? Any stacking progress?
According to your exposure time, you press down some weak signal from the target a lot. Actually most of the image can be more detail, especially those nebula.

The M42 taken by both RC & TMB can be more stunning if each L:R:G:B taken in few minutes of a single shot.


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: Kayzack on January 28, 2008, 12:39:53 PM
Please check out my new verision for M42 and Moon

http://observatory2.angkasa.gov.my/langkawibrowserastronomy/igallery/igallery.asp?d=\best+of\

Hi Tommy....i'm not far away from your singaporean friend.  Thanks for your reference.

Also thanks to mr universe24 for your tips.


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: universe24 on January 28, 2008, 01:52:30 PM
Good image!

I found there might got mistake on the photographic detail wrote on the Moon image...is that really take up to 10s for each color channel?


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: universe24 on January 28, 2008, 01:55:51 PM
By the way, the process of M42 is good....and I found a great Saturn image in the gallery. Interested to see all the original file of that Saturn image....could I?


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: Kayzack on January 28, 2008, 02:50:35 PM
Mr Unvivserse...thanks for your comment, the real total exposure for Moon is 0.1sec for each channel.


Title: Re: CCD Imaging and Image Processing
Post by: Kayzack on January 28, 2008, 02:53:46 PM
Of course u can see all of the raw images of saturn....please see me anytime.